Population Demographics data for non US countries Essay

Population Demographics data for non US countries - Essay Example Analysis of the graph shows that South Africa does not have a steady increase in her population. During the millennium year, the country had a population of forty five million people that increased steadily to about forty nine million in two thousand and five (Ominde and Ejiogu 2012). This represents an increase in population of about four million. However, from two thousand and five to two thousand and ten, the population of South Africa increased to fifty one million people. This shows an additional two million people. In fact, the last census survey reveals a growth rate of negative zero point zero five. Over the same period of five years, the population growth was negative. This trend does not reflect what happens in other African countries bearing in mind that the country enjoys a stable economic, social, and political environment. The causes and Impact South Africa is a country on the list of the fastest growing economies. This enables to provide high quality services to the citizens. The country has improved her infrastructure increasing the rate of rural to urban migration. This affects the birth and death rates. The birth rate has increased following provision of the quality maternal healthcare, which reduces the death rate. The availability of family planning services counters this trend. Education also plays a major role in checking the population of South Africa.... Education also plays a major role in checking the population of South Africa. South Africans have adequate reproductive health information. They understand the right time to bear children and this reduces the fertility rate as most women spent time in school hence they bear children when after their teenage ages. This is not the case in other countries in Africa such as Kenya. Comparatively, there many women in Kenya who become mothers around the age of fifteen as they do not go to school and they still stick to traditions as opposed to South Africans. The low population growth rate makes South Africa capable of sustaining food demands of her people. Families also get involved in economically productive activities and this gives time to the government to invest in other non-food projects such as the development of IT. The population of South Africa is more educated when compared to other Africans countries as both the citizens and the government have adequate disposable income for en lightenment. Kenya Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%) 1965 9 505 48.4 48.0 3.6 1970 11 252 49.1 47.5 3.4 1975 13 486 49.6 47.1 3.3 1980 16 268 50.0 47.1 3.0 1985 19 655 50.0 47.2 2.8 1990 23 447 49.0 48.3 2.7 1995 27 426 46.5 50.8 2.7 2000 31 254 44.3 52.9 2.8 2005 35 615 42.7 54.5 2.8 2015 43 513 42.5 54.9 2.7 (Ominde 2012) Tracing the status Kenya is a country in found in East Africa in the southern Great Lakes region. The country is largely multi-ethnic. The country had a population of thirty-eight million people basing on the national population census conducted by the government in two thousand and nine. The country conducts a national census every ten years with the last one in two thousand and nine and the next

Compare and contrast of two artworks (art history) Essay

Compare and contrast of two artworks (art history) - Essay Example The general term ‘artwork’ is used in comparing and contrasting since Durer’s work is an engraving and not a painting like Titian’s. Durer, in his depiction of Adam and Eve, is meticulous with balance and proportion in such a way that Adam is almost like Eve’s female counterpart. Both characters have curly hair, and both are nude with covered private parts. Durer’s engraving gives the magical illusion that the characters are somewhat standing out from its dark background (Silver and Smith 49). His work is like a three dimensional image. He uses ink as a medium to darken the background (Silver and Smith 49). His style is what is known as Northern Renaissance in European Art. Like Durer, Titian likes to portray subjects in nude or semi-nude. By contrast, Titian’s Concert Champà ªtre painting is oil on canvas. His love for nature is shown by his vibrant display of the natural colors of an outdoor environment, as opposed to black and white. In effect, his style is more realistic, especially the women’s bodies whose skin texture is quite realistic. His style is considered Italian High Renaissance, Venetian School. The similarities involved are their fondness for the outdoors and how their subjects seem to be interacting with each other in harmony. Also, each of the human subject’s hand is busy holding something. Concert Champà ªtre involves musical instruments, while Adam and Eve shows the biblical ‘forbidden fruit.’ During this time, central Europe had been the ‘seat of religious upheaval,’ which might have played a role in the artist’s choice for a subject. At first glance, there are no traces of writing in Titian’s artwork compared to Durer’s branding, which translates to â€Å"Albrecht Durer of Nuremberg† (Johnson 124). In Concert Champà ªtre, the man carrying a lute and wearing silk looks out of place (Graham-Dixon 251).

Accused of witchcraft Essay Example for Free

Accused of witchcraft Essay Parris : Why not? Now there are no spirits attacking her, for none in this room is accused of witchcraft. So let her turn herself cold now, let her pretend she is attacked now, let her faint. (He turns to Mary Warren.) Faint!  Act 3, Page 85  This is when the court first has the idea of getting Mary to prove the other girls are frauds by getting her to pretend to faint. She will not because she is afraid of what the girls will do to her. Or cannot, for fear of the court  This is one of the highest points of tension in the whole play because everything and everyone is focused on Mary, relying on her in one way or another to either tell the truth or to lie. But there is so much pressure on Mary that she cant say anything. The pressure builds and builds until Mary cracks then Abigail launches a perfectly timed attack. Just when people are confused about whom to believe Abigail turns on Mary and makes them believe her.  The girls turning on Mary is a dramatically effective part in act three. This is because when the girls turn on Mary you feel sorry for her due to the fact she is torn between telling the truth to the court or joining the girls again to prevent them from accusing her.  Mary Warren, do you witch her? I say to you, do you send your spirit out? Danforth, Act 3, Page 87  When Danforth asks her this question Mary snaps and pushes herself away from Proctor.  Mary Warren, Act 3, page 88  This is when Marys delicate relationship with Proctor breaks down and she will no longer cover for him and put herself at risk from being accused by the rest of the girls.  Abigail : (Looking about the air, clasping her arms about her as though cold): I I know not. A wind, a cold wind, has come. (Her eyes fall on Mary Warren.)  Mary : (Terrified, pleading): Abby!  Mercy : (Shivering): Your Honour, I freeze! Proctor : Theyre pretending!  Hathorne : (Touching Abigails hand): She is cold Your Honour, touch her!  Mercy : (Through chattered teeth ): Mary, Do you send this shadow on me?  Act 3, Page 87  This is when the girls first start to turn on Mary, she is a very fragile person and when they start to turn on her she doesnt know what to do. She was used to pointing the finger of accusation not having it pointed at her and on her own she cant cope. So she betrays the truth and goes back to the safety of the girls and being the accuser not the accused. Mary finally breaks down and accuses Proctor of witchcraft. Fearful for her own life, Mary realizes that the only way to save herself is to accuse Proctor of coercing her into attempting to overthrow the court. In this case the accusation contains some truth: Proctor did force Mary Warren into testifying, yet in this case the purpose is to promote true justice rather than to dispute it.  Elizabeth lying to protect Proctor is a dramatically effective part in act three because there is a lot of tension when Elizabeth is brought into the court. Miller uses dramatic irony when Elizabeth doesnt know that Proctor has confessed to lechery and that they are testing her to see if Proctor was telling the truth. Elizabeth doesnt know that it is Abigail that is being tried and so she lies to protect her husband but in fact by lying she is in the eyes of the court proving that her husband is a liar. Miller uses the frustration of Proctor as his wife is lying but there is no way he can tell her that by trying to protect him she is actually getting him into more trouble Look at me, to your own knowledge, has John Proctor ever committed the crime of lechery! (In a crisis of indecision she cannot speak.) Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher!  Danforth, Act 3, page 91  You can see by this, that Danforth doesnt give Elizabeth much choice and practically puts the words into her mouth. By saying is your husband a lecher he leaves her no choice but to say no. What kind of woman would call her husband a lecher in front of a court? (There is a knock. He calls to the door.) Hold! (To Abigail.) Turn your back. Turn your back. (To Proctor.) Do likewise. (Both turn their backs- Abigail with indignant slowness) Now let neither of you turn to face goody proctor. No one in this room is to speak one word, or raise a gesture aye or nay. (He turns towards the door, calls.) Enter!  Danforth, Act 3, Page 90  The Audience feel frustrated because all that Elizabeth has to do is tell the truth and Abigails ruthless revenge will be stopped and the truth will be brought to light but there is no way Elizabeth could know this so she does what she thinks is the right thing and tries to protect her husband. In this scene Miller uses dramatic irony very effectively. Danforth makes the trial look fair but in fact gives Elizabeth no choice  but to lie.  Danforth : Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher!  Elizabeth : (Faintly): No, sir.  Danforth : Remove her, Marshal.  Proctor : Elizabeth, tell the truth!  Danforth : She has spoken. Remove her!  Proctor : (crying out): Elizabeth, I have confessed it!  Act 3, Page 91  This point is the dramatic climax of the whole scene because it is the point where Elizabeth finally finds out what she has done, and she is distraught. Hale tries to reason with Danforth when he says, Excellency it is a natural lie to tell this shows that Hale is the voice of reason but for most of the time he is not listened to, like Proctor who spoken sense throughout both are shut out in their ways. To save her husband from accusations of witchcraft, Elizabeth must condemn him for lechery. Miller establishes that Elizabeth is an honest woman who never lies, yet at the moment in which her honesty is most critical she chooses the noble yet practical lie that she believes will defend her husband. As Hale notes, it is a natural lie for Elizabeth Proctor to tell, yet an incredibly ill timed one; Elizabeth Proctor chooses dishonesty at the precise moment that her integrity matters the most. Act 3 of The Crucible is so effective because Arthur Miller uses a wide variety of emotions for his characters and a good variety of action. One minute the scene can be rather quiet with just simple conversation and the next minute it can be very chaotic with characters hurling accusations and abuse at each other. The reason this play is so effective is because Miller uses moments of calm as well as moments of extreme action, if it was just action, action, action all the time the audience would become immune to it and the really important parts wouldnt stick in your mind as much. Act 3 is relevant to the play as a whole because it is the Act where a lot of important things happen and it is the most dramatic, with a lot of tension and anger between different characters. It is what the first two acts have been building up to and you could say it is the climax of the whole play.  When Arthur Miller wrote the play, The Crucible in 1953 the contemporary audience could relate to the play due to the media coverage that was occurring at the time. This era was concerned with the political movement of communism; the McCarthy trials. The contemporary audience saw Millers play as relevant because of the effects of mass hysteria- the destruction of the community in Salem. Miller felt that the play had relevance although he didnt write it for that.  The reason why the crucible is still so widely liked even though the witch trials are long gone is because it demonstrates the terrible effects of mass hysteria and what it can do to normally rational people.  The story reminds its readers of an ugly blemish on human history. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making right what is wrong.

Characteristics Of Bullying Behavior Psychology Essay

Characteristics Of Bullying Behavior Psychology Essay The behavior of bullying carries a significant social, financial and a medical cost for its victims as well as perpetrators. Data demonstrates it to be a highly prevalent behavior, with powerful and long lasting psychological and social impact [1]. It crosses boundaries of age, gender, ethnic, and other sociodemographic categories, and has been shown to occur within settings as different as elementary school and corporate boardrooms [2]. Involvement in bullying can impair and degrade the quality of life for both victims and perpetrators. This is underscored with work done by Connoly and colleagues [3] that showed children who bully at higher risk of developing severe relationship problems as adults. The trauma of bullying has been shown to be associated with severe and chronic psychiatric pathology, including mood and anxiety disorders, including PTSD, alcohol and drug abuse as well as personality disorders [4]. The most alarming sequela of bullying is its association with increased risk of suicidal behavior [5]. Thus, given the high cost of this behavioral phenomena, bullying should be approached with a collaborative, multidisciplinary effort as a prevalent source of severe trauma, with very high individual and social costs [5]. Definition: The definition of bullying is by no means monolithic, with nuances varying between different researchers, and socio-demographic settings. The principal, overarching framework of the definition of bullying, is established and accepted by the community of researchers involved with this subject matter. Olweus et. al [6] defines bullying as a specific form of aggression, which is intentional, repeated, and involves a disparity of power between the victim and perpetrators. This aggression can be physical, verbal, gestural or through intentional exclusion from a group, without apparent provocation on the part of the person being targeted. What sets bullying apart from other forms of abuse, such as child abuse and domestic violence, is the social context in which it occurs and the imbalanced power relationship of the parties involved [6]. Demographics and characteristics of bullying behavior: Wang and colleagues [7] recently showed that among US adolescents, the prevalence of having bullied others or having been bullied at school for at least once in the last 2 months were 20.8% physically, 53.6% verbally, 51.4% socially, or 13.6% electronically. Males were more involved in physical or verbal bullying, whereas girls were more involved in relational bullying. Boys were more likely to be cyber bullies, whereas girls were more likely to be cyber bullying victims. Compared with 6th graders, 9th and10th graders were less involved in bullying for physical (bullies, victims, or bully-victims), verbal (victims or bully-victims), relational (victims or bully-victims), or cyber form (bullies). African-American adolescents were involved in more bullying (physical, verbal, or cyber) but less victimization (verbal or relational). Higher parental support was associated with less involvement across all forms of bullying. Having more friends was associated with more bullying and less vic timization for physical, verbal, and relational forms but was not associated with cyber bullying. Lemstra et al. [8] investigated bullying in 4,197 youth subjects; in which 23% reported being physically bullied at least once or twice in the previous four weeks. They demonstrated that being male, attending a school in a low-income neighborhood, perception of having unhappy home life, arguments with parents and feeling like leaving home have been found to be associated. It is also important to recognize that bullying affects people other than children and adolescents at school setting. Murhtar and colleagues [9] found that almost 70% of medical students in their study had experienced some form of bullying in the past 6 months. Balducci et al. [10] demonstrated that bullying is a prevalent behavior in a workplace, and study of Norwegian workforce by Nielsen and colleagues [11] have show that almost 5% of people see themselves as victims of bullying, with nearly 7% report that they are exposed to a high degree of bullying behaviors, and 1% are exposed to sever bullying. Bullying and Suicidal Behavior: As previously mentioned, the most striking and dire outcome of bullying for both victims and perpetrators is an increased risk of suicidal ideation, attempts and completed suicide shown to be associated with this behavior. A study that involved 838 youth in 9th-12th grades attending public high school demonstrated that subjects involved in bullying as a perpetrator, victim, or victim-perpetrator were more likely than controls to report having seriously considered or attempted suicide within the past year [12]. Fisher and colleagues [13] demonstrated in twin studies that exposure to frequent bullying predicted higher rates of self injurious behavior even after controlling for pre-morbid emotional, behavioral problems and environmental risk factors. A study by Winsper et al. [14] showed that pre-adolescence subjects involved in bullying, especially in the role of being both a bully and a victim were at increased risk for suicidal ideation, suicidal and self-injurious behavior. Some dat a suggests thathrough novel or worsening psychopathology. Brunstein and colleagues [15] suggested that bullying behavior in the absence of depression or suicidality is not an independent risk factor, but rather amplifies inherent risk of suicidal behavior associated with depression. Intro to bullying and psychiatric pathology: Whether or not bullying increases the risk of suicidal and self-injurious behavior directly, it is important to report that it is positively and directly correlated with different psychiatric conditions. Kumpulainen et al. [4] showed that young subjects involvement in bullying, are more likely to struggle with disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. Bullying and depression: Multiple studies have demonstrated a clear correlation between involvement in bullying and a higher risk of developing a depressive disorder. Lemstra and colleagues [16] showed that children who were physically bullied multiple times per week were 80% more likely to develop symptoms of depression in comparison to children who never experienced bullying. A retrospective study by Lund et al. [17] claimed that adult men with a self reported history of being bullied at school were significantly more likely of being diagnosed with a depressive disorder later in life; and a prospective study that looked at 2348 boys [18] demonstrated that boys who were both perpetrators and victims of bullying were at higher risk for developing depression, and suicidal behavior later in life. Bullying and PTSD: Bullying, although not considered to be a form of acute trauma, has also been shown to be associated with symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) [19]. Positive correlation between symptoms of PTSD and exposure to bullying were demonstrated among subjects who experienced bullying at work [20]. Another study that attempted to assess prevalence and intensity of PTSD symptomatology among victims of bullying at work, and tried to show whether victims of bullying were more vulnerable to other distressing life events demonstrated that more than 70% of bully victims developed symptoms of PTSD, and displayed a moderate or severe impairment in social functioning [21]. Bullying and other anxiety disorders: People involved in bullying appear to be at a higher risk of an anxiety disorders other than PTSD. One study demonstrated that social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder were all positively associated with severe teasing and bullying experiences [22]. Kumpulainen et al. [23] showed that among children victims of bullying anxiety symptoms were as frequent as 8.7%; a number that is significantly higher than controls. Another study demonstrated that being a bully, victim of bullying, or having a role of being both a bully and victim in preadolescence (age period 10à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12) significantly predicted development of anxiety symptoms in adolescence (age period 10à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬17 years) [24]. Data also supports a strong , positive correlation between involvement in bullying and development in anxiety symptoms in younger children, in grades five through eight [25], and students age12-17 [26]. Bullying and substance and alcohol abuse and dependence: Finally, research has consistently demonstrated that subjects involved in bullying are more likely to use alcohol and illicit psychoactive substances. In one large sample, it was shown that substance use and bullying behaviors co-occurred among 5.4% of adolescents in the United States [27]. Another study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. children in 6thà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10th grades, found that alcohol use was associated with increased odds of bullying [28]. A study that consisted of adolescents aged 12à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬17, who were admitted to an inpatient psychiatry unit showed that the use of any substance (i.e.,tobacco, alcohol and drugs) was generally more common among bullies [29]. Finally, a large study based on schoolchildren demonstrated that students who were engaged in bullying were more likely to be smokers and to have had a history of alcohol use [30].

Information Technology Essay -- essays research papers

Information technology is a rapidly growing part of today's society. It affects everyone's life in many aspects. Every human endeavor is influenced by information technology and the increasing rate at which what it can perform includes. One area of human endeavor that information technology has greatly influenced is the practice of medicine, specifically veterinary medicine. Not only has veterinary medicine been influenced by information technology, it has also been enhanced by it. The degree to which the practice of veterinary medicine includes information technology is observable at the Animal Emergency Clinic of Central New York on Erie Blvd. in Syracuse, New York. Section I: veterinary medicine. Doctors of veterinary medicine are the people who engage in the human endeavor of practicing veterinary medicine. The activities that are included in this endeavor are the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. The best way to handle a disease is to prevent acquiring it altogether. To accomplish this animals are given the available vaccinations for the most likely diseases they would get according to what type of animal they are and where they live. Unfortunately not every disease has a vaccination and not every animal has the opportunity to receive the available vaccinations. When an animal gets sick it is the duty of the veterinarian to determine the cause of the sickness and the best possible course of treatment for it. Veterinarians have many other responsibilities as well. These range from, but are not limited to, treating wounded animals and spaying or neutering them to preventing the spread of diseases from animals to humans through agriculture. The first school of veterinary medicine was in France. It opened in 1761. Veterinary medicine schools started to open in the United States of America during the civil war. (www.encyclopedia.com) To become a doctor of veterinary medicine, DVM, one must complete veterinary school. To get accepted into a school of veterinary medicine, a student has to meet the requirements of that particular vet school. Most of the requirements can be satisfied through undergraduate course work. The hard part is to have done a better job at meeting these requirements than the competition has. As an undergraduate, the student must demonstrate not only academic excellence and dedication to service and helping others, ... ... WWII. (www.encyclopedia.com) The use of certain information technologies in the field of human medicine are sure to have an influence in the practice of veterinary medicine. Antibiotics are another example of veterinary technology influencing human medicine. It is expected that advances in human medicine will affect veterinary medicine. The use of information technology to enable surgeons to perform surgery off site is sure to carry over to veterinary medicine. This will have a great affect on the way doctors perform in this field. To prepare oneself for success in veterinary medicine all of the required graduate and undergraduate courses must be completed. However, the best preparation for success is exposure to the field. In order to be completely ready for the practice of veterinary medicine knowing how to use the relevant information technologies is a necessity. The best way to accomplish this is through additional courses or observation. According to Tamela, a licensed veterinary technician who works at the AEC of CNY, watching another vet. at work, and seeing how he/she uses the technology to his/her advantage is an invaluable way to prepare for success in this field."

Remember the titans Informal Roles of Characters Essay -- essays resea

Remember The Titans was a movie that was set in a very hostile time in our country. We were in the middle of what I like to call a civil war. Although there were no battles or gunfights our country was torn in half. There was an issue dealing with race in the United States. The movie, Remember the Titans is based on actual events that occurred in the year 1971. Mainly on the integration of a school called TC Williams High School. When the school was integrated the old football coach, Coach Yoast, was let go and a black coach Herman Boone was hired on. The main plot of this movie is regarding the coaching change in the school and the 1971 football season the TC Williams Titans have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the movie we see that each of the people that we meet establish certain...

Marketing: Retailing and Heterogeneous Shopping Product

1. ) Dusty Moore has never owned a JVC TV, but his parents owned one and were not at all satisfied. As a result, Dusty won't even consider buying an JVC. As far as Dusty is concerned, JVC has achieved brand _____rejection_________. 2. ) Connie Seagroves is shopping for a new pair of jeans. She has had good experiences with Chic jeans in the past and is looking for Chic now. She intends to buy Chic jeans if they have something in her size. If not, she plans to keep wearing the Chic jeans she has as long as possible, planning to continue her search for a good fitting pair of Chic jeans at a later date.This is a good example of: brand insistence.3. ) Marissa, a college student and her father, a wealthy businessman, were each considering the purchase of a new automobile. As a college student with a full-time job, Marissa has considerably more financial resources than most college students. She feels that this car needs to provide a statement of just who she is and wear her drive and ambition are taking her! She is looking for a high quality car with the look of success!She finds very few that provide the kind of self-actualization she's looking for – and each of those has a sticker price in excess of $50,000 . Marissa's father however, although extremely wealthy and can easily afford cars in this price range, treats cars as basically the same. He doesn't care what it is as long as it gets him there. Although he visits car dealerships occasionally just to see what's available, he doesn't spend much time at it. He tells Marissa to buy two of whatever she gets (he'll call his bank to take care of the money for his).He buys a car this way whenever he wears one out. He usually drives his cars into the ground – i. e. until they totally wear out then asks whomever he knows who's going car buying to pick up one for him (of whatever they are getting – price is no object). For Marissa, this automobile is a _____heterogeneous shopping good_________ product; for her father, the car is a _____a homogeneous good_________ product.4. ) The ABC company is marketing a rental product that allows the option of self-cremation. Although sounding somewhat bizarre to the common person, the produc t is targeted to the millions of elderly bedridden patients without family or friends. The buyer simply exchanges their hospital bed for the Self-Crematory Box. The box monitors the occupants heart-beat / brain-wave activity. When both have ceased for 1 hour the box self-seals, brings the temperature inside the box to 6000 degrees and reduces the body inside to a fine white ash which is then deposited in an urn mounted on the side of the box.The box is so well-insulated you can put your hand on top of the box while the cremation process is underway without feeling any heat coming through! The box then sends a radio signal to the company which picks up the box, conducts a thorough cleaning/refueling in prepartion for rental to another customer. There is no competition since no other company has anything like it. The prototype worked so well that the company is planning to make a small number to market test it in Florida (due to the large number of potential customers there).Promotion al strategies are being developed and are in the very beginning stage of implementation (first promotions appeared in local newspapers yesterday). What product class is the Self-crematory box in to the target market? new unsought good5. ) Your firm has devised a method of transportation that will eliminate the needs for all forms of mechanical transporation. The product is a form of mental training that, when complete, allows a person to tap into previously unknown parts of his/her brain to use a teleportation talent we all have but don't know to use.Although everone's abilitites are different (just as we run/walk with different abilities) just about every person has this ability in some way or another and when trained can ‘think' themselves from place-to-place; no cars, trains, boats, plane required – just fix the coordinates in your minds-eye and PUSH yourself there instanteously. This training is a: service6. ) Your firm determines that they have a need to store exce ss inventory from their midwest operations due to highly variant changes in customer demand.They determine that due to their need to produce in such large quantities the warehouses will always be at least half full. Should they use public or private warehouses? private7. ) At what stage of the product life cycle is the firm broadening the base of their channel of distribution by shifting their focus from a pull to a push strategy?GROWTH8. ) The stage of the product life cycle in which early majority first make purchases is: GROWTH9. ) Hershey's chocolate bars have been marketed in the United States for more than 100 years, and are still a tremendous success, with a loyal following of consumers.The company began advertising several years ago to hold its market share, and it has introduced several distinctive new products. What stage of their product life cycle are Hershey's chocolate bars in? maturity10. ) What level of brand loyality do makers of SPECIALTY PRODUCTS aspire to? brand insistence11. ) A company has been making the same product for over 100 years. It is an essential element of almost every person's grooming requirements. Many other manufacturers make the same type of product. The company distributes it in every department store and grocery store in the nation.Competition is intense. Contribution margins are very thin. The company focuses it primary promotional efforts on advertising and its secondary effort on consumer sales promotions. What level of market exposure does this product have? intensive12. ) Which degree of market exposure would probably be most suitable for a heterogeneous shopping product which has achieved brand preference and sells for about $300? Selective distribution13. ) Michelle is the marketing manager for a popular brand of oatmeal cookies.Various plans to increase market share by appealing to competitor's customers via advertising have failed. Michelle is planning another strategy not dependent on advertising. A recent surv ey shows sales are good among brand loyal customers who include the product as a regular part of their shopping list. Michelle plans to provide incentives to salespeople who call on retailers to get them to convince the stores to place additional bags of the cookies on shelf space by near/by the cash registers in the hope that non-brand loyal customers will put them in their shopping cart without hinking while waiting to check out. Michelle is positioning the cookies by the checkout stand as: an impulse product14. ) James River Paper (JRP) recently introduced Absorb, a new double-thick paper towel aimed at families with children. Primarily and industrial products manufacturer, JRP had produced paper towels for a few large grocery chains to sell as their own dealer brand. But Absorb was its first attempt at marketing a consumer product under its own brand. So far, results are not encouraging. Only a few wholesalers have taken on the line.Most are very reluctant to handle Absorb, clai ming that retail shelves are already overcrowded with paper towels. What product class is this in? staple convenience product15. ) The first mechanical dishwasher was a ____discontinuous___________ innovation.16. ) Your firm has devised a method of transportation that will eliminate the needs for all forms of mechanical transporation. The product is a form of mental training that, when complete, allows a person to tap into previously unknown parts of his/her brain to use a teleportation talent we all have but don't know to use.Although everone's abilitites are different (just as we run/walk with different abilities) just about every person has this ability in some way or another and when trained can ‘think' themselves from place-to-place; no cars, trains, boats, plane required – just fix the coordinates in your minds-eye and PUSH yourself there instanteously. This training is a: discontinuous innovation17. ) If a large furniture retailer were to purchase Drexel (a manuf acturer of sofas and chairs), this would be an example of: backward integration18. Your company must produce 1,000,000 units of your product in order to acheive sufficnet economies of scale to keep costs as low as possible. Customers only buy these pproducdts one at-a-time. This is the concept of: discrepancy of quantity19. ) Retailers have to buy from many different sources to satisfy the diverse needs of thier customers. This is the concept of: discrepancy of assortment20. ) ABC company contracted with the XYZ company to develop edible packaging material that would be used in place of the Styrofoam peanuts currently used to insure fragile contents did not shift in transit enough to break or become dysfunctional.The material is a nutritional supplement for any member of the rodent family (hamsters, Guinea Pig, rabbits, etc). From the supplied choices below, choose the three answers that best answer the three questions that follow. 1: What is the primary packaging strategy? 2: What is the secondary packaging strategy? 3: What is the tertiary packaging strategy? a. The primary packaging strategy is to protect the product. b. The secondary packaging strategy is to become a product itself. c. There is no tertiary packaging strategy.21. ) Dell Computer packages its scanner in a plastic box.The box is designed to be reusable as a storage container to hold the myriad of loose items that seem to accumulate in any household. It's durable enough to last for years. Initial tests find people using the boxes to store personal belongs that need extra protection in storage sheds, the attic, etc. Engraved on all sides of the box are the Dell logo, information about Dell's other product lines; information about the safe use of the scanner as well customer service contact information. What types(s) of packaging strategy(ies) is Dell Computer conducting? Choose all that apply. . PROTECT e. PROMOTE f. PRODUCT22. ) In an old episode of the Andy Griffith television series, two loc al farmers were shown marketing their home-grown fruits and vegetables to consumers along the roadside. The farmers weren't selling their vegetables from a retail store; they sold their produce from the back of their truck. The farmers grew the fruits and vegetables and then sold them to the local people as they drove by on the road. The farmers selling their products without wholesalers or retailers were an example of a: a direct channel of distribution.23. ) IBM has long been perceived as the leader in computer technology. As such, for many years IBM computers were available only from selected, authorized IBM retailers. Currently, IBM has changed their distribution strategy. Consumers can now purchase IBM computers at several well-known department and discount stores, including Wal-Mart and K-Mart, located throughout the country. Initially, IBM employed _____exclusive_________ distribution and made their products available only through a single retail outlet in a given competitive market.Currently, as computers have become more of a shopping good, IBM is using selective distribution, as they seek to broaden the degree of their distribution and make their computers available in several retail outlets in a given competitive market.24. ) The railroad service which picks up truck trailers at a producer's location, loads them onto rail flatcars, hauls them close to the customer, and then delivers them to the buyer's door is: piggyback service.25. A cheese processor having regular need for regional storage of a large quantity of cheese probably should use _____private_________ warehouses.26. ) Your brand, originally marketed as a specialty product and which sold very well to innovators, is now being marketed as a heterogeneous shopping good. What should your brand familiarity objective be? preference27. ) Laurie Owens visits the local Healthy Glow spa, but dislikes the dirty dressing area and refuses to go back. This is an example of: brand rejection28. Dell Compu ter packages its scanner in a plastic box with an airtight self-sealing lid designed to be reusable as a climate proof airtight attic storage box. What type of packaging strategy is Dell Computer conducting with this recent modification to the box? PRODUCT29. ) Dell Computer packages its scanner in a plastic box. The box is designed to be reusable as a storage container to hold the myriad of loose items that seem to accumulate in any household. It's durable enough to last for years. Initial tests find people using the boxes to store personal belongs that need extra protection in storage sheds, the attic, etc.Engraved on all sides of the box are the Dell logo, information about Dell's other product lines; information about the safe use of the scanner as well customer service contact information. What types(s) of packaging strategy(ies) is Dell Computer conducting? Choose all that apply. g. PROTECT h. PROMOTE i. PRODUCT30. ) Your firm is marketing a product to brand preferent customer s. What distribution strategy shouild they use? selective31. ) John Deere manufactures and distributes industrial and farm equipment. These types equipment are considered to be specialty products.Which type of market coverage is the company most likely to choose? Exclusive distribution32. ) A company has been making the same product for over 100 years. It is an essential element of almost every person's grooming requirements. Many other manufacturers make the same type of product. The company distributes it in every department store and grocery store in the nation. Competition is intense. Contribution margins are very thin. The company focuses it primary promotional efforts on advertising and its secondary effort on consumer sales promotions. What level of market exposure does this product have? intensive33. ) Which degree of market exposure would probably be most suitable for a heterogeneous shopping product which has achieved brand preference and sells for about $300? intensive34. ) If a large furniture retailer were to purchase Drexel (a manufacturer of sofas and chairs), this would be an example of: backward integration35. ) Kari Athens was interested in buying a coffee pot to use at college and a cassette player for her sister's birthday present.At the local discount store, she compared prices on coffee pots and chose the cheapest. She read the product information on each cassette player and finally chose one with stereo headphones and a rechargeable battery. For Kari, the coffee pot was: a homogeneous shopping product, but the cassette player was a heterogeneous shopping product.36. ) While shopping in a local supermarket, Mime Abbott came upon an aisle display of cookies and had to have some–immediately. By the time she got to the checkout counter with the rest of her selections, all the cookies were gone. In this case, the cookies were: an impulse product37. ) Your firm determines that they have a need to store excess inventory from their midwes t operations due to highly variant changes in customer demand. They determine that due to their need to produce in such large quantities the warehouses will always be at least half full. Should they use public or private warehouses? private38. ) A merchant wholesaler is considering four physical distribution systems. Which is best for shipping his products? Cannot be determined without the target customer's needs.39. ) The ABC company sells beach wear to teenagers. It plans to solicit sales from teens at the beach by taking van loads of beach wear to all the beaches in the United States each day of summer (June 22 – September 21st). The company has the beachware made in Thailand and shipped directly to it's vendors in the 40 major beach locations its targeted. The company believes it knows its market well enough such that the goods will be produced and shipped such that each vendor will receive only enough to fill the van each week.If their estimates are right, each van vendo r will receive just enough goods to fill their van on Monday and have sufficient demand to sell all of it by the following Sunday. Then they will refill their van on Monday with the next order just arriving that day. If they are not as accurate as they hope to be, the vendors will not have sold all their inventory from the previous week and the new shipment will not fit into the van (along with the remainder of the previous weeks shipment). The vendors are then authorized to place whatever excess won't fit in the van into storage. Should the vendors plan to put their excess into rental storage or should they buy some storage space. rent storage space40. ) When Henry Ford first offered his traditionally black Fords in other colors, to the consuming public, this was a: continuous innovation41. ) Your firm has devised a method of transportation that will eliminate the needs for all forms of mechanical transporation. The product is a form of mental training that, when complete, allows a person to tap into previously unknown parts of his/her brain to use a teleportation talent we all have but don't know to use.Although everone's abilitites are different (just as we run/walk with different abilities) just about every person has this ability in some way or another and when trained can ‘think' themselves from place-to-place; no cars, trains, boats, plane required – just fix the coordinates in your minds-eye and PUSH yourself there instanteously. This training is a: discontinuous innovation42. ) Marissa, a college student and her father, a wealthy businessman, were each considering the purchase of a new automobile. As a college student with a full-time job, Marissa has considerably more financial resources than most college students.She feels that this car needs to provide a statement of just who she is and wear her drive and ambition are taking her! She is looking for a high quality car with the look of success! She finds very few that provide the kind of self-actualization she's looking for – and each of those has a sticker price in excess of $50,000. Marissa's father however, although extremely wealthy and can easily afford cars in this price range, treats cars as basically the same. He doesn't care what it is as long as it gets him there. Although he visits car dealerships occasionally just to see what's available, he doesn't spend much time at it.He tells Marissa to buy two of whatever she gets (he'll call his bank to take care of the money for his). He buys a car this way whenever he wears one out. He usually drives his cars into the ground – i. e. until they totally wear out then asks whomever he knows who's going car buying to pick up one for him (of whatever they are getting – price is no object). For Marissa, this automobile is a ___heterogeneous shopping good___________ product; for her father, the car is a ___a homogeneous good___________ product.43. ) A new computer company with a radically new appro ach to computing, has a laptop priced at $99. 0). This basic laptop is targeted as the late adopter. It is as simple to operate as a calculator. It has a very small hard drive, small – but full functional keyboard, basic soundcard, and no ability to expand. It has Microsoft WORD, EXCEL, PowerPoint, and Outlook built in. Thus, it's mean to basic schoolwork and email (with a built in wireless modem which requires signing up for a monthly access fee of 99 cents). The company plans to distribute its products only through three large discounters (Wal-Mart, K-Mart, and Target) in very large cities (populations of at least 1,000,000 people).It was designed to compete against the hand-helds, but it's larger and more user friendly (with a bigger screen for ease of viewing by the target market (estimated average age of 65) and much cheaper. What product class is this product in? homogeneous shopping product44. ) In the early 1900's, GrandPa purchased his first automobile. After years o f driving horse and buggies, Grandpa got in his new car and drove it into his new garage. Unfortunately, instead of using the brake to stop the new automobile, Grandpa shouted: â€Å"Whoa!! † and crashed into the wall. Grandpa's new automobile was an example of: a discontinuous innovation45. ) Your firm is offering a slotting allowance to retailers to give them an incentive to carry your product – which is targeted at the early adopter as part of a number one priority PUSH STRATEGY. What stage of the PLC is this most likely to occur in? growth46. ) Hershey's chocolate bars have been marketed in the United States for more than 100 years, and are still a tremendous success, with a loyal following of consumers. The company began advertising several years ago to hold its market share, and it has introduced several distinctive new products.What stage of their product life cycle are Hershey's chocolate bars in? maturity47. ) Wisemen Inc. has just become profitable with its 8 megapixel digital camera which produces the sharpest pictures in the industry by at least two orders of magnitude. Prints are now beginning to be almost indistisguishable from ‘traditional' film cameras, which is quite a change from previous models. Its promotional expenditures are aimed at informing its target market of enhancements while trying to persuade potential customers of the digital camera's significant advantages over competitor's products.However, even more money is being spent to develop the firm's distribution system (since other comptitors are also still trying to expand theirs) for the digital camera. Competitors at this technology level are beginning to increase. What stage of the product life cycle is the digital camera in? Growth stage48. ) A firm finds that its customers are unwilling to try their product again after being disappointed with it on their first use. They avoid any reference to their brand even to the extent of claiming to have never heard of it just so people won't know they ever used it.The firm's target market is exhibiting __brand rejection____________.49. ) A publisher of photography books finds that it is cost-effective to print 10,000 or more at a time. But a bookstore orders only a few copies of each book since its customers want to select from a wide variety. This example shows: why both discrepancies of quantity and assortment occur.50. ) Which of the following best illustrates â€Å"discrepancies of quantity†? Firestone made millions of tires last year–but most customers bought only one set.51. Which of the following best illustrates â€Å"discrepancies of quantity†? Firestone made millions of tires last year–but most customers bought only one set.52. ) A publisher of photography books finds that it is cost-effective to print 10,000 or more at a time. But a bookstore orders only a few copies of each book since its customers want to select from a wide variety. This example shows: why both discrepancies of quantity and assortment occur.53. ) XYZ Corporation manufactures and distributes tax software on site in its Houston, Texas location.It's marketing manager needs to ship large quantities of these very high-value tax software to its more than 1000 clients world-wide at the most economical cost where time is very short (3 days – it's April 12th and all tax returns are due April 15th)to meet consumer demand. The best transportation plan should include which of the following to get the company’s goods to market? electronic54. ) The railroad service which picks up truck trailers at a producer's location, loads them onto rail flatcars, hauls them close to the customer, and then delivers them to the buyer's door is: piggyback service.55. ) LusterWare, Inc. has seen most of its competitors drop out of its product-market due to declining industry sales and profits. But LusterWare still has much demand for its product from a small group of loyal customers. This product-market is in which product life cycle stage? Sales decline56. ) At what stage of the product life cycle is the firm broadening the base of their channel of distribution by shifting their focus from a pull to a push strategy? GROWTH57. ) The stage of the product life cycle in which late majority first make purchases is: maturity58. When the remote control for the color TV was first introduced to the consuming public, it was a: dynamically continuous innovation59. ) Determining the level of diffusion of innovation a product is contributing to the marketplace: helps determine the type of marketing mix to create for the product.60. ) Which degree of market exposure would probably be most suitable for a heterogeneous shopping product which has achieved brand preference and sells for about $300? Selective distribution61. ) Ciao Footwear designs and manufacturers a high-quality line of fashionable shoes that are popular amoung young professional women.The line is quite expens ive–and is sold only through specialty shops which handle only this type of fashion shoe (including competing brands). Ciao will only work with retailers who agree to stock a large variety of sizes and colors of Ciao shoes. For stores that agree to promote the Ciao line very aggressively, Ciao agrees to cut their price to the store an additional 10%, provide significant national advertising and to distribute to no more than two or three other retailers in the specialty store's immediate trading area.Since continuing promotion seems to be necessary in this highly competitive market, advertisements for Ciao shoes appear regularly in fashion magazines targeted at professional women and on select cable TV broadcasts, including broadcasts of women's tennis tournaments. What is the â€Å"ideal† market exposure for this product? selective distribution62. ) Ciao Footwear designs and manufacturers a high-quality line of fashionable shoes that are popular amoung young profession al women. The line is quite expensive–and is sold only through specialty shops which handle only this type of fashion shoe (including competing brands).Ciao will only work with retailers who agree to stock a large variety of sizes and colors of Ciao shoes. For stores that agree to promote the Ciao line very aggressively, Ciao agrees to cut their price to the store an additional 10%, provide significant national advertising and to distribute to no more than two or three other retailers in the specialty store's immediate trading area. Since continuing promotion seems to be necessary in this highly competitive market, advertisements for Ciao shoes appear regularly in fashion magazines targeted at professional women and on select cable TV roadcasts, including broadcasts of women's tennis tournaments. What product class is this in? heterogeneous shopping product63. ) Michelle is the marketing manager for a popular brand of oatmeal cookies. Various plans to increase market share by appealing to competitor's customers via advertising have failed. Michelle is planning another strategy not dependent on advertising. A recent survey shows sales are good among brand loyal customers who include the product as a regular part of their shopping list.Michelle plans to provide incentives to salespeople who call on retailers to get them to convince the stores to place additional bags of the cookies on shelf space by near/by the cash registers in the hope that non-brand loyal customers will put them in their shopping cart without thinking while waiting to check out. Michelle is positioning the cookies by the checkout stand as: an impulse product.64. ) You've just introduced a new brand of a heterogeneous shopping good. What should your brand familiaryt objective be? recognition.65. ) Connie Seagroves is shopping for a new pair of jeans.She enjoys the way Chic jeans makes her look and feel. She's aways bought Chic jeans in the past so she intends to buy Chic jeans this time as well. Unfortunately, in all the stores she shopped, although they had Chic in stock, none were in her size. Finally, in the last store she shopped, she saw a pair of Jordache jeans that were very similar to the cut and style of Chic. She tried them on and they fit – beautifully. Still, she really wanted Chic. Figuring they would be good substitutes until the stores received Chic in her size, Connie bought one pair of the Jordache jeans.What level of brand loyalty does Connie have for Chic jeans? brand preference66. ) If a large furniture retailer were to purchase Drexel (a manufacturer of sofas and chairs), this would be an example of: backward integration67. ) A new computer company with a radically new approach to computing, has a laptop priced at $99. 00). This basic laptop is targeted as the late adopter. It is as simple to operate as a calculator. It has a very small hard drive, small – but full functional keyboard, basic soundcard, and no ability to expand. I t has Microsoft WORD, EXCEL, PowerPoint, and Outlook built in.Thus, it's mean to basic schoolwork and email (with a built in wireless modem which requires signing up for a monthly access fee of 99 cents). The company plans to distribute its products only through three large discounters (Wal-Mart, K-Mart, and Target) in very large cities (populations of at least 1,000,000 people). It was designed to compete against the hand-helds, but it's larger and more user friendly (with a bigger screen for ease of viewing by the target market (estimated average age of 65) and much cheaper. What product class is this product in? homogeneous shopping product68. The ABC company is marketing a rental product that allows the option of self-cremation. Although sounding somewhat bizarre to the common person, the product is targeted to the millions of elderly bedridden patients without family or friends. The buyer simply exchanges their hospital bed for the Self-Crematory Box. The box monitors the occup ants heart-beat / brain-wave activity. When both have ceased for 1 hour the box self-seals, brings the temperature inside the box to 6000 degrees and reduces the body inside to a fine white ash which is then deposited in an urn mounted on the side of the box.The box is so well-insulated you can put your hand on top of the box while the cremation process is underway without feeling any heat coming through! The box then sends a radio signal to the company which picks up the box, conducts a thorough cleaning/refueling in prepartion for rental to another customer. There is no competition since no other company has anything like it. The prototype worked so well that the company is planning to make a small number to market test it in Florida (due to the large number of potential customers there).Promotional strategies are being developed and are in the very beginning stage of implementation (first promotions appeared in local newspapers yesterday). What product class is the Self-crematory box in to the target market? new unsought good69. ) Marissa, a college student and her father, a wealthy businessman, were each considering the purchase of a new automobile. As a college student with a full-time job, Marissa has considerably more financial resources than most college students. She feels that this car needs to provide a statement of just who she is and wear her drive and ambition are taking her!She is looking for a high quality car with the look of success! She finds very few that provide the kind of self-actualization she's looking for – and each of those has a sticker price in excess of $50,000. Marissa's father however, although extremely wealthy and can easily afford cars in this price range, treats cars as basically the same. He doesn't care what it is as long as it gets him there. Although he visits car dealerships occasionally just to see what's available, he doesn't spend much time at it. He tells Marissa to buy two of whatever she gets (he'll call hi s bank to take care of the money for his).He buys a car this way whenever he wears one out. He usually drives his cars into the ground – i. e. until they totally wear out then asks whomever he knows who's going car buying to pick up one for him (of whatever they are getting – price is no object). For Marissa, this automobile is a ______________ product; for her father, the car is a ______________ product. heterogeneous shopping good; a homogeneous good70. ) A firm finds itself in a situation where it is able to accurately predict consumer demand. It predicts that it will need to store material for one month two times a year due to the seasonal nature of the product.What type of warehouse should the firm use to store this inventory? public71. ) Dell Computer packages its scanner in a plastic box. The box is designed to be reusable as a storage container to hold the myriad of loose items that seem to accumulate in any household. It's durable enough to last for years. Ini tial tests find people using the boxes to store personal belongs that need extra protection in storage sheds, the attic, etc. Engraved on all sides of the box are the Dell logo, information about Dell's other product lines; information about the safe use of the scanner as well customer service contact information.What type of packaging strategy is Dell Computer conducting? PROTECT72. ) A company has developed a long pen in various colors and with interesting sayings on the side. Directions provided with the pen show how to convert the pen to a reusable straw that is dishwasher safe when the ink runs out. Since this company is the first to market such a product, customers don't yet know about it. What packaging strategy is in use here? PRODUCT73. ) Your firm manufactures products in San Francisco. You're targeting customers in Hong Kong. They need your product to be delivered on January 1st, 2116.What's the best method of transportation to use? water74. ) The Colorado Coal Company ne eds to move its coal to intermediaries on the Atlantic coast who in turn will sell it to end users. The best means of transportation for the company to employ under normal conditions is: railroads.75) A firm finds that its customers are unwilling to try their product again after being disappointed with it on their first use. They avoid any reference to their brand even to the extent of claiming to have never heard of it just so people won't know they ever used it.The firm's target market is exhibiting ______________. brand rejection76. ) Larry White won't buy any coffee except â€Å"Blue Mountain†Ã¢â‚¬â€œa relatively expensive type that few stores sell. He used to have to drive about 10 miles out of his way to buy it at a small shop–but now he has persuaded his local supermarket manager to handle this coffee. For him, this coffee is a specialty product77. ) During a heavy rainstorm, Avery Battle slipped into a drugstore and bought an umbrella–just like the one h e had at home–for $15. 00 plus tax. In this case, the umbrella is: an emergency product78. Lake Wobegon Mills, a manufacturer of textile products, bought out the wholesaler that had been handling its distribution in Canada. This is an example of: vertical integration79. ) What level of brand loyality do makers of SPECIALTY PRODUCTS aspire to? brand insistence80. ) Your firm determines that they have a need to store excess inventory from their midwest operations due to highly variant and unpredictable changes in customer demand. Should they use public or private warehouses? Public81. ) The stage of the product life cycle in which late majority first make purchases is: maturity82. ) The stage of the product life cycle in which early adopters first make purchases is: introduction83. ) Your product has been suffering from steadily eroding sales and profits. You have tried a number of options to revitalize the product's sales and profits, but after seven changes in your strategy, you have yet to find success. Which of the following actions would be the least appropriate next step: try to stimulate primary demand.84. ) Retailers have to buy from many different sources to satisfy the diverse needs of thier customers. This is the concept of: discrepancy of assortment85. ) Your company must produce 1,000,000 units of your product in order to acheive sufficnet economies of scale to keep costs as low as possible. Customers only buy these pproducdts one at-a-time. This is the concept of: discrepancy of quantity86. ) Dell Computer packages its scanner in a plastic box with an airtight self-sealing lid designed to be reusable as a climate proof airtight attic storage box. What type of packaging strategy is Dell Computer conducting with this recent modification to the box? PRODUCT87.ABC company contracted with the XYZ company to develop edible packaging material that would be used in place of the Styrofoam peanuts currently used to insure fragile contents did not shif t in transit enough to break or become dysfunctional. The material is a nutritional supplement for any member of the rodent family (hamsters, Guinea Pig, rabbits, etc). From the supplied choices below, choose the three answers that best answer the three questions that follow. 1: What is the primary packaging strategy? 2: What is the secondary packaging strategy? 3: What is the tertiary packaging strategy?The primary packaging strategy is to protect the product. The secondary packaging strategy is to become a product itself. There is no tertiary packaging strategy88. The first electric typewriter was a _______________ innovation. dynamically continuous89. When the remote control for the color TV was first introduced to the consuming public, it was a: dynamically continuous innovation90. Nonrecognition of the brand name of a firm's product is likely to be LEAST important for: Coal91. Connie Seagroves is shopping for a new pair of jeans. She enjoys the way Chic jeans makes her look and feel.She's aways bought Chic jeans in the past so she intends to buy Chic jeans this time as well. Unfortunately, in all the stores she shopped, although they had Chic in stock, none were in her size. Finally, in the last store she shopped, she saw a pair of Jordache jeans that were very similar to the cut and style of Chic. She tried them on and they fit – beautifully. Still, she really wanted Chic. Figuring they would be good substitutes until the stores received Chic in her size, Connie bought one pair of the Jordache jeans. What level of brand loyalty does Connie have for Chic jeans? brand preference92. Products which the consumer does not know about, or knows about but does not initially want, are called: unsought goods93. In the early 1900's, GrandPa purchased his first automobile. After years of driving horse and buggies, Grandpa got in his new car and drove it into his new garage. Unfortunately, instead of using the brake to stop the new automobile, Grandpa shouted: â€Å"Whoa!! † and crashed into the wall. Grandpa's new automobile was an example of: a discontinuous innovation94. A new computer company with a radically new approach to computing, has a laptop priced at $99. 00).This basic laptop is targeted as the late adopter. It is as simple to operate as a calculator. It has a very small hard drive, small – but full functional keyboard, basic soundcard, and no ability to expand. It has Microsoft WORD, EXCEL, PowerPoint, and Outlook built in. Thus, it's mean to basic schoolwork and email (with a built in wireless modem which requires signing up for a monthly access fee of 99 cents). The company plans to distribute its products only through three large discounters (Wal-Mart, K-Mart, and Target) in very large cities (populations of at least 1,000,000 people).It was designed to compete against the hand-helds, but it's larger and more user friendly (with a bigger screen for ease of viewing by the target market (estimated average age of 65) and much cheaper. What product class is this product in? homogeneous shopping product 95. Which degree of market exposure would probably be most suitable for a heterogeneous shopping product which has achieved brand preference and sells for about $300? Selective distribution96. A company has been making the same product for over 100 years. It is an essential element of almost every person's grooming requirements.Many other manufacturers make the same type of product. The company distributes it in every department store and grocery store in the nation. Competition is intense. Contribution margins are very thin. The company focuses it primary promotional efforts on advertising and its secondary effort on consumer sales promotions. What level of market exposure does this product have? intensive97. A new computer company with a radically new approach to computing, has a laptop priced at $99. 00). This basic laptop is targeted at the late adopter. It is as simple to operate as a c alculator.It has a very small hard drive, small – but full functional keyboard, basic soundcard, and no ability to expand. It has Microsoft WORD, EXCEL, PowerPoint, and Outlook built in. Thus, it's meant for basic schoolwork and email (with a built in wireless modem which requires signing up for a monthly access fee of 99 cents). The company plans to distribute its products through all large discounters such as Wal-Mart, K-Mart, and Target as well as through all outlets that currently sell inexpensive laptops. What distribution strategy is being conducted? Intensive |98.There are several modes of transportation available to assist marketers in facilitating the transfer of goods from producer to the ultimate consumer. For example, logistics managers can use railroads, trucks/motor carriers, airplanes, pipelines, or ships to transport products. Each mode of transportation has inherent advantages and disadvantages. For instance, ______________ offer the advantages of door to doo r service for pick-up and delivery, relatively fast delivery, and extensive routes. The disadvantages of this mode of transportation include size and weight restrictions, higher rates, and some sensitivity to weather. rucks/motor carriers99. The railroad service which picks up truck trailers at a producer's location, loads them onto rail flatcars, hauls them close to the customer, and then delivers them to the buyer's door is: piggyback service.100. The ABC company sells beach wear to teenagers. It plans to solicit sales from teens at the beach by taking van loads of beach wear to all the beaches in the United States each day of summer (June 22 – September 21st). The company has the beachware made in Thailand and shipped directly to it's vendors in the 40 major beach locations its targeted.The company believes it knows its market well enough such that the goods will be produced and shipped such that each vendor will receive only enough to fill the van each week. If their esti mates are right, each van vendor will receive just enough goods to fill their van on Monday and have sufficient demand to sell all of it by the following Sunday. Then they will refill their van on Monday with the next order just arriving that day. If they are not as accurate as they hope to be, the vendors will not have sold all their inventory from the previous week and the new shipment will not fit into the van (along with the emainder of the previous weeks shipment). The vendors are then authorized to place whatever excess won't fit in the van into storage. Should the vendors plan to put their excess into rental storage or should they buy some storage space. rent storage space101. Which degree of market exposure would probably be most suitable for a heterogeneous shopping product which has achieved brand preference and sells for about $300? Selective distribution102. Ciao Footwear designs and manufacturers a high-quality line of fashionable shoes that are popular amoung young pro fessional women.The line is quite expensive–and is sold only through specialty shops which handle only this type of fashion shoe (including competing brands). Ciao will only work with retailers who agree to stock a large variety of sizes and colors of Ciao shoes. For stores that agree to promote the Ciao line very aggressively, Ciao agrees to cut their price to the store an additional 10%, provide significant national advertising and to distribute to no more than two or three other retailers in the specialty store's immediate trading area.Since continuing promotion seems to be necessary in this highly competitive market, advertisements for Ciao shoes appear regularly in fashion magazines targeted at professional women and on select cable TV broadcasts, including broadcasts of women's tennis tournaments. What is the â€Å"ideal† market exposure for this product? selective distribution103. Your firm has devised a method of transportation that will eliminate the needs for all forms of mechanical transporation.The product is a form of mental training that, when complete, allows a person to tap into previously unknown parts of his/her brain to use a teleportation talent we all have but don't know to use. Although everone's abilitites are different (just as we run/walk with different abilities) just about every person has this ability in some way or another and when trained can ‘think' themselves from place-to-place; no cars, trains, boats, plane required – just fix the coordinates in your minds-eye and PUSH yourself there instanteously. This training is a: discontinuous innovation104.The first car to change from the traditional black to blue was a _______________ innovation. Continuous105. Kaye Dimmig usually buys Prell shampoo because she likes its smell. But this morning her local drugstore was out of Prell, so she decided to buy another highly advertised brand that was on sale because she really needed to wash her hair that night. For Kaye, Prell has probably achieved brand: preference.106. Nonrecognition of the brand name of a firm's product is likely to be LEAST important for: Coal107. Assume that a new automobile fuel additive is developed that increases a car's miles-per-gallon by 60%.Unlike other fuel additives that claim enhanced performance but only seem to work in certain cars under very controlled conditions, this additive has been so well proven that customers are offered a free sample with a coupon to receive a 10% discount on whatever quantity they want to buy later. The response has been dramatic. Many consumers use the free sample and return to purchase upwards of 100 treatments (one per fillup) even though the product adds 20 cents to the cost of a gallon of gas. What stage of the product life cycle is this additive in? GROWTH108.ABC company sells camel hair paint brushes only to the wealthiest and most well-known artists. These artists claim that only with the extremely high quality camel hair bru shes made by this company, are they able to produce paintings of such high quality that the average price per painting sold to the general public (albeit the wealthiest of the general public) is well over one million dollars. ABC's camel hair brushes are ____________ products. BUSINESS109. Products which the consumer does not know about, or knows about but does not initially want, are called: unsought goods.110. If a large furniture retailer were to purchase Drexel (a manufacturer of sofas and chairs), this would be an example of: backward integration111. Michelle is the marketing manager for a popular brand of oatmeal cookies. Various plans to increase market share by appealing to competitor's customers via advertising have failed. Michelle is planning another strategy not dependent on advertising. A recent survey shows sales are good among brand loyal customers who include the product as a regular part of their shopping list.Michelle plans to provide incentives to salespeople who call on retailers to get them to convince the stores to place additional bags of the cookies on shelf space by near/by the cash registers in the hope that non-brand loyal customers will put them in their shopping cart without thinking while waiting to check out. Michelle is positioning the cookies by the checkout stand as: an impulse product.112. Kari Athens was interested in buying a coffee pot to use at college and a cassette player for her sister's birthday present. At the local discount store, she compared prices on coffee pots and chose the cheapest.She read the product information on each cassette player and finally chose one with stereo headphones and a rechargeable battery. For Kari, the coffee pot was a homogeneous shopping product, but the cassette player was a heterogeneous shopping product.113. A publisher of photography books finds that it is cost-effective to print 10,000 or more at a time. But a bookstore orders only a few copies of each book since its customers want to select from a wide variety. This example shows why both discrepancies of quantity and assortment occur.114.Retailers have to buy from many different sources to satisfy the diverse needs of thier customers. This is the concept of: discrepancy of assortment115. A firm finds that its customers are unwilling to try their product again after being disappointed with it on their first use. They avoid any reference to their brand even to the extent of claiming to have never heard of it just so people won't know they ever used it. The firm's target market is exhibiting ______________. brand rejection116. A firm finds itself in a situation where it is able to accurately predict consumer demand.It predicts that it will need to store material for one month two times a year due to the seasonal nature of the product. What type of warehouse should the firm use to store this inventory? Public117. A new computer company with a radically new approach to computing, has a laptop priced at $99. 00). This basic laptop is targeted at the late adopter. It is as simple to operate as a calculator. It has a very small hard drive, small – but full functional keyboard, basic soundcard, and no ability to expand. It has Microsoft WORD, EXCEL, PowerPoint, and Outlook built in.Thus, it's meant for basic schoolwork and email (with a built in wireless modem which requires signing up for a monthly access fee of 99 cents). The company plans to distribute its products through all large discounters such as Wal-Mart, K-Mart, and Target as well as through all outlets that currently sell inexpensive laptops. What distribution strategy is being conducted? Intensive118. The Colorado Coal Company needs to move its coal to intermediaries on the Atlantic coast who in turn will sell it to end users. The best means of transportation for the company to employ under normal conditions is: railroads119. Dell Computer packages its scanner in a plastic box with an airtight self-sealing lid designed to be reusable as a climate proof airtight attic storage box. What type of packaging strategy is Dell Computer conducting with this recent modification to the box? PRODUCT120. Dell Computer recently added a picture of the recommended brand of printer best designed to print the output of a given type of scanner on the outside of the box the scanners are mailed in to consumers. What type of packaging strategy is Dell Computer conducting with this recent addition to the box? PROMOTE121. National Power Tool Co. does not own its own transport facilities, but it regularly ships small orders to the wholesalers that handle its products. Tools that are going across the country are usually shipped by rail. Regional shipments usually go by truck. National should use _______________ in practicing the Total Cost concept. a freight forwarder.122. The ABC company sells beach wear to teenagers. It plans to solicit sales from teens at the beach by taking van loads of beach wear to all the beaches in the United States each day of summer (June 22 – September 21st).The company has the beachware made in Thailand and shipped directly to it's vendors in the 40 major beach locations its targeted. The company believes it knows its market well enough such that the goods will be produced and shipped such that each vendor will receive only enough to fill the van each week. If their estimates are right, each van vendor will receive just enough goods to fill their van on Monday and have sufficient demand to sell all of it by the following Sunday. Then they will refill their van on Monday with the next order just arriving that day. If they are not as accurate as they hope to be, the vendors will not have sold all their inventory from the previous week and the new shipment will not fit into the van (along with the remainder of the previous weeks shipment). The vendors are then authorized to place whatever excess won't fit in the van into storage. Should the vendors plan to put their excess into rental storage or should they buy some storage space. rent storage space123. The ABC company's ability to stay ahead of the competition depends on its ability to differentiate its product from those of its rivals.The problem is: most consumers see the product as essentially no different than its competitors. ABC company uses an advertising strategy that positions the product as high on brand prestige and competitive on price. ABC distributes the product through every discount outlet that would normally carry it so as to insure consumers will have it to choose from when they shop. ABC's product strategy is to cut costs by making no changes to the product at all. The product's color, design, functionality, etc. hasn't changed in years.Yet, survey's show consumers perceive the product to be superior in quality to all of its competition. This is due to the intense advertising emphasis on product/brand quality! The company feels this type of product is unlikely to be replaced anyti me soon, so counts on it as an integral part of its product line in its long-term planning. Based on this information alone: What stage of the Product Life Cycle is this product in? maturity124. At what stage of the product life cycle is the firm broadening the base of their channel of distribution by shifting their focus from a pull to a push strategy?GROWTH125. During what stage of the PLC is the primary focus of the firm's promotional strategy on informing early adopters and early majority of the benefits of their product and persuading them that their product is better than the competition's? GROWTH126. A company has developed a long pen in various colors and with interesting sayings on the side. Directions provided with the pen show to to convert the pen to a reusable straw that is dishwasher safe when the ink runs out. What packaging strategy is in use here? PRODUCT127.In order to raise money to go to college, two high school senior entrepreneurs are marketing home-grown fruit s and vegetables to consumers along the roadside. The entrepreneurs know that home gardens often produce more than the families can consume. Knowing that the home gardner's appreciate earning a little cash for their excess, the entrepreneurs visit local home gardens to buy any excess they are producing. They collect a good assortment of freshly picked produce which they then sell by the side of the road from the back of their truckThus, the home gardner grew the fruits and vegetables, sold them to these entrepreneurs, who then sold them to the local people as they drove by on the road. The home gardners are using a(n) ________ method of distribution for their excess produce. an indirect channel of distribution128. Handy Tools Company has recently introduced a newly designed socket wrench with a form fitting no-slip grip. The firm is spending a lot of money to make potential consumers aware of the existence of the new product. Sales have been slow to rise over the past year and profi t has yet to be achieved.What stage of the product life cycle is Handy Tool's product in? Maturity stage129. A manufacturer of a consumer product is trying to establish brand recognition and preference in monopolistic competition. The firm places considerable emphasis on channel development and is becoming somewhat less selective in its choice of middlemen. Promotion is both informative and persuasive–as the firm is seeking to increase both primary and selective demand. Prices in the industry are competitive–but there has been little price-cutting to date. What stage of the product life cycle is this firm's situtation characteristic of: GROWTH130. A firm finds itself in a situation where it is unable to accurately predict consumer demand. Rather than risk stock-outs that might drive consumers to competitors, the firm decides to stockpile inventory close to market centers. This enables the firm to quickly replenish any store as necessary. What type of warehouse should t he firm use to store this inventory? PRIVATE131. An industry's sales have leveled off and profits are declining in oligopolistic competition. Consumers see competing products as â€Å"homogeneous. † Several firms have dropped out of the industry, but a new one entered recently.Firms in the industry are trying to avoid price-cutting by spending on persuasive advertising. These firms are competing in which stage of the product life cycle? MARKET MATURITY132. James River Paper (JRP) recently introduced Absorb, a new double-thick paper towel aimed at families with children. Primarily and industrial products manufacturer, JRP had produced paper towels for a few large grocery chains to sell as their own dealer brand. But Absorb was its first attempt at marketing a consumer product under its own brand. So far, results are not encouraging.Only a few wholesalers have taken on the line. Most are very reluctant to handle Absorb, claiming that retail shelves are already overcrowded with paper towels. What is the â€Å"ideal† market exposure for this product? INTENSIVE DISTRIBUTION133. A large food retailer acquiring a cheese factory is an example of: BACKWARD INTEGRATION134. Laurie Owens visits the local Healthy Glow spa, but dislikes the dirty dressing area and refuses to go back. This is an example of BRAND REJECTION135. What should your firm's brand loyaity objective be when it launches its newest (unknown) brand of bicycle next month? rand recognition136. Your firm sells automobiles. Each car comes with a 5-year – 50,000 mile warranty. These warranties are None of the above137. There are big shifts in demand from season to season for the lawn mowers produced by Grow Green Co. –and its need for storage facilities also varies. Grow Green should use: public warehousing facilities138. A marketing manager in Denver, Colorado who wants to ship small quantities (1,500 pounds) of relatively high-value products short distances at an economical cost where time is not a factor should use: trucks139.The Xyz company has developed a new hairdryer that fits more comfortably in the users hand through its using a rubber handle instead of the plastic used by other competitors. The marketing manager for this product needs to design a marketing mix to market it to its target market. The marketing manager should use which stage of the Product Life Cycle as the basis for developing this marketing mix? maturity140. Your product is packaged such that it is the package may be consumed by the buyer as if it were candy. Once the product is removed frm the package, the customer can eat it.What packaging objective is being sought here? PRODUCT141. Publishers of photography books find it is more cost-effective to publish specialty books targeted to just a few niche markets and print large quantities at a time than to print off just a few to meet on-going demand. Bookstores, knowing that their customers represent the broadest range of all niche-mar kets, order only a few copies of each book for each market to enable its customers to select from a wide variety. This example shows: (choose all that apply) j. Discrepancies of quantity . Discrepancies of assortment142. Zoecon Corporation sells its insect control chemicals to homeowners through an 800 number in which customers can order online and have delivered via UPS. A modified compound is sold to distributors who supply brands of aerosol bug spray to such companies as the Boyle-Midway Division of American Home Products for use in its Black-Flag Roach Ender brand. This is an example of: dual distribution143. Marissa, a college student and her father, a wealthy businessman, were each considering the purchase of a new automobile.As a college student with limited financial resources, Marissa feels that economy cars are all have essentially the same quality and only have minor differences in the features. She decided that the new mega dealership (over 1,000 cars on the lot (most in the economy class) provided the best place to start. With luck, she could drive one off that lot today. Marissa's father however, treats cars as a basic necessity. He doesn't care what he drives. He tells Merissa to buy two of whatever she gets (he'll call his bank to take care of the money for his).He buys a car like this every year (asking whomever he knows who's going car buying to pick up one for him (of whatever they are getting – price is no object) since he refuses to drive a ‘used' car. For Marissa, this automobile is a __homogeneous shopping____ product; for her father, the car is a ___a convenience good___________ product144. A new company introduces a new brand of a specialty product that's in the mature stage of the PLC. The product has a slow start as it competes head-on with its competition, but has such strong appeal after a short time hat it catches up fast then passes all other competitors. Eventually, discontinuous innovations take it out of vogue and its sales begin to fall. More and more competition erodes its market share. Soon, its hard for most people to remember if the product is still available. Later, most folks wouldn't know what kind of product you were talking about if you mentioned the brand to them. The most likely path this company experienced with respect to brand loyalty for this product from the moment the company's brand first appears on the market to its eventual demise is:? Assume the company makes no changes to the product from its i